Have you ever wondered why some grandparents enjoy close relationships with their grandchildren and others don’t? There are many different circumstances, personality traits, and lifestyle factors that influence these key relationships. However, research has identified some clear patterns that help determine why some grandparents are closer to their grandchildren than others.

Social psychologists Merrill Silverstein and Vern L. Bengtson, among others, have studied a concept they call “intergenerational solidarity.” They identify six key factors influencing this “solidarity” or closeness of relationships.

While some of these factors are out of our control, others are not. Being aware of the essential components of a grandparent-grandchild relationship can help you focus on what you can influence to build stronger bonds.